COPING STRATEGIES AND MODELS OF OVERCOMING POST-STRESS CONDITIONS
Abstract
The article is devoted to the research of coping strategies on the adaptation process. Actions associated with the COVID 19 pandemic touched many areas of life. They provided increased requirements for human mental activity, creating additional stresses, which led to an increase in neuropsychiatric disorders. Models of overcoming post-stress states are considered. The role of external and internal factors in the formation and overcoming of post-stress states and disorders of adaptation is analyzed in the article. In the process of studying the underlying patterns and mechanisms of adaptation to normal life, two psychological models of overcoming post-stress states were identified: psychodynamic and cognitive. The psychodynamic model notes that successful adaptation of personality requires awareness of all aspects of traumatic experience and integration through the scheme "traumatic stress - negation - relapse - acceptance". The cognitive model is a cognitive theory of stress, that is, a cognitive assessment of a person's most traumatic event, and himself in it. Three types of assessment were proposed to determine a person's response to a traumatic event: primary, secondary stress assessment, and reassessment. Many researchers consider the impact of stress adaptation to be one of the leading causes of disorders of adaptation. Also, the manifestations of adaptation disorders are greatly exacerbated by the simultaneous complex action of several stressors. The severity of active stressors does not always correlate with the severity of adaptation disorders, as personality traits and cultural and social norms and values contribute to the response to stress. Also, the features of the development of these disorders of adaptation disorders depend on the features of cognitive processes, personal resources of the individual involved in their regulation.
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