Herald of Kyiv Institute of Business and Technology

SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS AS A FACTOR IN THE INTENSIFICATION OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN ADOLESCENTS

2025-12-01T15:10:15+02:00

The article highlights the problem of maintaining mental health in adolescents in the context of dynamic social transformations taking place in modern society. Social changes – war, information overload, growing uncertainty about the future, transformation of family and educational structures – create new challenges for the psycho-emotional adaptation of adolescents. This age period is particularly vulnerable because it is characterized by increased sensitivity to external stressors, unstable self-esteem, a need for recognition, and, at the same time, insufficiently developed mechanisms of emotional self-regulation. The aim of the study was to determine the levels of the main components of the psycho-emotional state of adolescents in conditions of social change and to establish the relationships between anxiety, frustration, aggression, rigidity, depressive manifestations, stress resistance, well-being, activity, and mood. Fifty-four adolescents aged 13 to 16 participated in the study. Four standardized methods were used: the Eysenck questionnaire, the Beck Depression Scale, the SAN method, and the Stress Resistance Self-Assessment Questionnaire. The results were processed in the Jamovi statistical package using Spearman's correlation analysis.

So the results of the empirical study showed that more than half of the respondents have an elevated or clinically significant level of depression, and about a quarter show a critical level of anxiety. Frustration was found to be a central negative marker closely associated with high levels of anxiety, decreased well-being, activity, and mood. These three variables, in turn, form a holistic complex of positive resources that determines overall psycho-emotional well-being and promotes adaptation in conditions of instability. The results obtained are of practical importance for psychologists, educators, and social workers, as they determine the main directions of preventive and corrective work with adolescents: developing stress resistance, increasing emotional literacy, forming adaptive strategies for overcoming stress, reducing frustration, and supporting resource states – well-being, activity, and mood.

INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THEORETICAL ASPECT

2025-12-03T13:10:09+02:00

The article examines the essence and role of inclusive growth. The experience of developing inclusive growth at the interstate level is emphasized. Inclusive growth is defined as sustainable, environmentally oriented economic development that ensures the optimal relationship between economic dynamics and opportunities that are formed for the population and are expressed in fair access to the created benefits in both the short and long term. It is established that the trajectories of inclusive growth are formed in the context of a fairly wide range of regulatory instruments, starting from the development of mechanisms for the development of a competitive environment, building and configuring a differentiated tax policy and ending with measures to ensure employment of the population, increase environmental well-being, and intensify investment and innovation spheres of life in order to accelerate economic growth and form social stability. It was found that despite the emphasis and orientation of state policy priorities on the concept of inclusive growth, it has not yet been comprehensively taken into account in the process of developing programs for the long-term development of regional economic systems. It was emphasized that such a complexity lies in the need to apply appropriate approaches to developing new forms and models of economic growth of regional systems that eliminate the inertia of traditional approaches to developing long-term state programs for socio-economic development. The main components are considered, the implementation of which ensures the effective formation of inclusive growth. The key principles of the inclusive growth model are analyzed. It is noted that Ukraine, forming its own model of inclusion as the basis for building a solidary socio-economic future, must, taking into account national realities, actively implement key recommendations of global institutions regulating inclusive policy.

THE INFLUENCE OF REMOTE WORK ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF AN INDIVIDUAL

2025-12-03T13:27:28+02:00

The article explores the impact of remote work on the psychological health of individuals under wartime conditions and the growing digitalization of professional life. It is determined that the remote work format transforms traditional working conditions, blurs the boundaries between professional and personal life, increases the informational load, and heightens the risks of social isolation and emotional exhaustion. The study analyzes the relationship between anxiety, emotional burnout, and psychological well-being among employees performing their professional duties online. A combination of theoretical analysis, empirical research, and statistical methods was used, including correlation analysis according to Spearman’s rank coefficient. The results indicate a statistically significant connection between anxiety, emotional burnout, and the level of psychological health: higher anxiety levels correlate with increased burnout and reduced psychological well-being.

The ambivalent nature of remote work is confirmed, as it simultaneously provides autonomy and flexibility while intensifying the risks of emotional depletion. The research emphasizes the importance of developing emotional competence, self-regulation skills, and organizational support mechanisms to maintain mental health and prevent professional burnout among remote workers. Based on the obtained results, recommendations are proposed to strengthen the psychological resilience and adaptive capacity of specialists working in digital environments. Prospects for further research include an in-depth study of individual adaptation strategies, the influence of the cultural and social context of wartime, as well as the development of holistic psychological support programs aimed at increasing stress resistance and preventing burnout in professionals working remotely.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF USING COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING CHILDREN WITH SPEECH DISORDERS

2025-12-03T13:48:05+02:00

The article analyzes conceptual theories and approaches to studying the psychological and pedagogical conditions of using computer technologies in speech therapy and correctional and developmental work with children with special educational needs, in particular with speech disorders; substantiates the understanding of the essence of information and computer technologies (ICT) and their place in correctional pedagogy and psychology; proves that the psychological and pedagogical conditions of teaching children with speech disorders, supplemented by the use of computer technologies, form a multifaceted system aimed not only at the correctional and developmental aspect, but also at the holistic development of the child's personal qualities, their socialization and emotional support. A program of speech therapy correction of speech disorders using ICT based on selected psychological and pedagogical conditions has been implemented, and its effectiveness has been proven for the successful integration of a child into the general educational environment based on a combination of traditional and modern methods of correcting speech disorders with the targeted development of the personality of younger schoolchildren.

It has been proven that teaching children with speech disorders should be a complex task that requires the integration of psychological and pedagogical approaches. Speech disorders can significantly affect the cognitive, emotional-volitional and personal spheres of children, as well as the process of learning and socialization. In this regard, correctional and developmental work should be aimed not only at eliminating speech defects, but also at promoting the development of social, cognitive and emotional skills, and providing appropriate support in the educational process. Psychological and pedagogical conditions for teaching children with speech disorders should be based on an individual approach that takes into account the child's level of development, the presence of concomitant disorders, and psychological aspects, including self-esteem and motivation.

THE PROBLEM OF THE "LAZY CHILD"

2025-12-03T13:53:30+02:00

The article analyzes the problem of children's laziness through the prism of practical experience. The reasons for the lack of desire to perform household chores, study, and observe hygiene rules in the context of the specified issue are highlighted. The stages of getting rid of a child's laziness and the factors for harmonizing relationships in the family are clarified. The importance of the unity of parents and children in the process of overcoming laziness is proven. The main concepts of the article: fatigue (balance the child's work and rest); learned helplessness (increase the complexity of tasks for the child gradually); inconsistency in the amount of work performed (mandatory approval, description of its activity for the child); lack of positive attention to the child's activities, inability to achieve results (formation of self-love, which is the child's basic emotional need); psychological abuse (termination of violent communication and building relationships based on respect and trust); lack of motivation and natural data to achieve success in certain types of activities (focus on strengths and gradually develop the child's weak abilities to a sufficient, not idealized, level); own example (discipline yourself, understand yourself - form coping strategies); fast dopamine and a long-lasting sense of success (create a real space for the realization of the child's desires); peculiarities of the psychological organization of the personality and age-related changes (be interested in the tasks of the child's age, be supportive, point out achievements); lack of clear algorithms of actions (clear and consistent familiarization with how to do the complete task and approve the results).

So, the nature of a child's laziness is a rebus, and the process of solving it is an active action that can launch similar processes in the child. Organized and motivated children, with whom trusting relationships have been formed, are the responsibility of parents, because children are our continuation.

MULTIVARIATE MODELING OF THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF UKRAINIAN BANKS WITH FACTOR AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS METHODS

2025-12-03T14:02:50+02:00

The article presents a comprehensive study of the Ukrainian banking system using multivariate statistical analysis methods. To identify structural features, hidden patterns, weaknesses, and challenges faced by the banking system of Ukraine under wartime conditions, as well as to develop strategic adaptive solutions for banks, a clustering of banks was carried out based on key financial indicators selected through the principal component method. The research methodology is based on applying principal component analysis (PCA) to extract the main quantitative characteristics of banks’ financial stability, which were subsequently used for hierarchical clustering. The initial sample includes twelve financial indicators for 64 Ukrainian banks. At the first stage, the adequacy of the sample was confirmed using the KMO criterion (0.728) and the presence of significant relationships between variables was verified using Bartlett’s test of sphericity (p<0.01). Based on the Kaiser criterion, two key factors of financial stability were selected for further analysis: net interest income/expenses (correlation with the first component 0.99) and total assets (correlation with the second component 0.99), which together explain 90.43% of the variance. These indicators were then used for hierarchical clustering of Ukrainian banks using Ward’s method, nearest neighbor, and furthest neighbor approaches. The clustering results identified three clusters. The first cluster includes only PrivatBank as the market leader, explained by its scale and strategic significance in the Ukrainian banking system. The second cluster consists of systemically important banks (both state-owned and foreign-capital banks), while the third cluster comprises banks with the least influence on the country’s financial system. The clustering confirmed a clear differentiation of Ukraine’s banking system by the level of financial stability and its impact on the overall stability of the country. Thus, the application of PCA reduced the dimensionality of the data, and the use of clustering methods made it possible to identify systemically important banks that play a crucial role in maintaining the country’s financial stability.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR VETERANS: RESOURCES OF POSITIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY

2025-12-03T14:12:29+02:00

The full-scale war in Ukraine has led to an unprecedented increase in the number of people in need of psychological assistance, primarily veterans of combat operations, who often return to civilian life with deep psychological trauma, impaired emotional regulation, loss of meaning in life, feelings of guilt, and problems in family relationships. The article explores the pressing issue of psychological support for war veterans in the context of modern armed conflicts and during the post-demobilization period. Special attention is given to positive psychotherapy as a humanistically oriented approach that emphasizes the identification and development of internal personal resources, value orientations, interpersonal relationships, and the capacity for adaptation and crisis resilience. The paper presents original examples of psychotherapeutic techniques tailored to the specific needs of military personnel and their family members, enhancing the effectiveness of psychological support. The importance of cultural sensitivity, the preservation of dignity, and the fostering of self-confidence in the process of personal recovery is highlighted. Key aspects of overcoming post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are considered through the application of resource-oriented humanistic methods that facilitate resocialization and psychological stabilization.

In addition, the article outlines a structured therapeutic program that combines individual and group interventions, psychoeducation, and emotional self-regulation practices. Particular emphasis is placed on restoring veterans’ sense of purpose and belonging, as well as rebuilding trust in social relationships. The approach encourages a shift from a deficit-based view of trauma toward a growth-oriented perspective, where the experience of war becomes integrated into the broader narrative of personal development. Such a model not only addresses the consequences of trauma but also opens space for long-term psychological well-being and empowerment.

COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE AS A FACTOR OF HARMONIOUS RELATIONSHIPS

2025-12-04T09:46:01+02:00

The article explores the significance of communicative competence as a factor of harmonious interpersonal relationships. It is determined that interaction between people is formed through communication, which includes not only the exchange of information, but also emotional understanding and influence. Different types of relationships (formal, informal, professional, romantic, etc.) and factors that influence their harmony are characterized. The concept of communicative competence, its components and assessment methods are highlighted. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of communicative competence in the formation of harmonious interpersonal relationships, as well as to establish a connection between communicative skills and the level of satisfaction with relationships. To achieve the goal, a comprehensive methodological approach was used, including the analysis of scientific sources, empirical research and statistical analysis. Within the framework of the empirical study, methods for assessing the psychological climate in family and personal relationships were used, as well as special tests to establish the level of tact, assertiveness and active listening skills and the formulation of appropriate «I-messages». The study was conducted among university students, which allowed assessing their ability to communicate effectively in a social environment.

The results of the study indicate that communication skills, in particular the ability to listen and hear and «reflect» the feelings of the interlocutor, as well as emotionally interpret the situation, have a statistically significant relationship with the harmony of personal relationships (from 47% to 49%). It was found that a high level of communicative competence contributes to better adaptation to social conditions, effective interaction and emotional well-being of the individual. The results obtained confirm the hypothesis of a positive impact of communicative competence on the quality of interpersonal relationships. Based on the analysis, conclusions were drawn regarding the need to develop communication skills in young people, and ways of improving them through special educational programs and trainings were proposed.

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF THE INFLUENCE OF YOGA ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE

2025-12-04T11:42:20+02:00

The article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at exploring the psychophysiological mechanisms of yoga practices influencing the development of psychological resilience, self-regulation, and inner balance of personality. The issue of stress resistance is considered within an integrative approach that combines physiological, emotional-volitional, and cognitive components of mental functioning. Yoga is viewed not only as a system of physical exercises or breathing techniques but also as a profound psychotechnological practice that activates the body’s adaptive resources, harmonizes the functioning of the nervous system, and facilitates the integration of conscious and unconscious levels of the psyche.

The empirical part of the research is based on the implementation of the program «Stability in Harmony», which included a two-month cycle of yoga sessions incorporating elements of mindfulness practices. A set of psychodiagnostic methods (CD-RISC-10, KOSB-3, Boyko’s Stress Resistance Test, Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale, and O. Hlаvnyk’s method) made it possible to identify relationships between psychophysiological stability, self-regulation, and resilience levels. The results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in psychological resilience indicators after completing the program, confirming the positive effect of systematic yoga practice on the functional mechanisms of the nervous system, reduction of stress levels, and strengthening of internal coherence.

The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying its findings in psychoprophylactic, psychohygienic, and rehabilitation practice, as well as in the development of authorial training programs aimed at enhancing psychological resilience through yoga. The results confirm that yoga can serve as an effective tool for promoting mental health, improving adaptability, and fostering holistic personal development under contemporary stress-inducing conditions.

INTEGRATION OF LOGIC AND PSYCHOLOGY IN THE STUDY OF INTERCULTURAL ASPECTS OF PERSONAL COMMUNICATION

2025-12-04T09:54:37+02:00

The article highlights the pressing issue of establishing effective communication between representatives of different ethnic and cultural groups, which attracts the attention of scholars due to potential complications in interaction and behavioural strategies in the absence of mutual understanding. The integration of logical knowledge, psychology, and communication is relevant for improving opportunities for cooperation between nations, cultures, and ethnic groups. The results demonstrate how globalisation – a multifaceted process of creating networks of connections through the flow of people, ideas, and goods – blurs borders, integrating economies, cultures, and technologies. It is measured by indices such as KOF (economic, social, political dimensions), ATK/FP, with a focus on social globalisation: interpersonal (migration, tourism, education), informational (online interaction through networks, messengers), and cultural. Online communication complicates interaction due to the lack of visual contact and non-verbal cues (tone, timbre), creating barriers to understanding. The effectiveness of communication depends on understanding linguistic, cognitive, psychological, and logical structures formed by norms. An interdisciplinary approach integrates logic (the structure of arguments and dialogues) with psychology (motivation and perception). The logical structure of judgements (subject S – object of thought, predicate P – attribute, relation – relationship, quantifier – scope) differs from the grammatical forms of sentences (with secondary members: definition, complement, circumstance), allowing the formation of universal messages independent of national languages to avoid confusion in real time.

The conclusion is that logical structure creates universal messages, minimising misunderstandings in intercultural dialogues, especially when communicating online; the integration of logic with psychology adapts communicative behaviour, which is useful for various areas of tourism, business and education. All this reduces cultural bias, minimises the risks of interethnic conflicts, and strengthens trust in multinational communities.

AI TECHNOLOGIES IN THE APPLICATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS IN THE SELECTION OF ACCOUNTING PERSONNEL

2025-12-04T10:00:23+02:00

The article considers the application of innovative artificial intelligence technologies in the process of professional selection of accounting personnel. It is found that the effectiveness of the organization's activities depends on the personal and professional suitability of employees for the activity and position, and the implementation of AI allows making the selection process more accurate, fast and objective. A staged selection model is presented that integrates classical HR practices with the capabilities of modern AI algorithms. The roles of the professionogram and psychogram in building candidate profiles are determined. Special attention is paid to the ethical aspects of using AI according to EU standards.

A professioniogram is a structured characteristic of a profession that reflects the totality of working conditions, functional responsibilities, necessary knowledge, skills and the specifics of the organizational and technological environment; it is a kind of "profession map" with an exhaustive list of requirements for an employee, taking into account the intellectual, physical and organizational aspects of work. A profession psychogram is an addition to the professioniogram, containing a description of the psychological qualities necessary for the successful performance of professional tasks. Analysis of current sources shows that there is still no single, generally recognized and validated methodology for personnel selection using AI. However, given the rapid development of digital technologies, it can be assumed that the integration of psychological assessment into digital models of personnel selection will soon receive new impetus. In particular, psychograms will be rethought and adapted to the new realities of electronic recruitment, which opens up prospects for further research in the direction of forming structured, scientifically sound and ethically responsible methods of personnel selection using AI.

The obtained results may be useful for optimizing HR processes and developing scientifically grounded personnel management strategies.

PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE BEHAVIOR OF PSYCHOLOGISTS IN EXTREME CONDITIONS, FORMATION OF HIS PROFESSIONAL PERSONALITY AND COMMUNICATION

2025-12-04T10:05:12+02:00

The article discusses the pressing issue of ensuring the psychological safety of psychologists in extreme conditions and developing their professional readiness. The author emphasises the importance of using effective psychotherapeutic methods and techniques aimed at both supporting psychologists in the performance of their professional duties and overcoming the consequences of traumatic events. In particular, it provides a detailed analysis of methods such as cognitive-behavioural, Gestalt, body-oriented, positive and transcultural psychotherapy, which contribute to the restoration and reinterpretation of experience. Particular attention is paid to techniques of relaxation, meditation, self-regulation, psychophysiological recovery, as well as psychological interventions (gratitude, mindfulness, acts of kindness) that positively affect the emotional state of the psychologist. The author emphasises the role of remote counselling, psychoeducation, supervision, and group mutual assistance as key elements in the prevention of professional burnout. An important place is given to the psychologist's communicative competence, their ability to empathise and adapt to the client's state in crisis situations. The article proposes a model of psychological safety for specialists, which includes moral-communicative, motivational-volitional, and value-semantic components.

Therefore, there is a need for a systematic approach to the problems of forming psychological safety, in particular, the integration of knowledge about the basics of psychological preparation for safe behavior into the training programs of psychologists. In order to maintain psychophysiological health in conditions of extreme influences, it is important to develop educational programs, methodological recommendations, ensure continuous training and supervision of psychologists, and form mutual aid and support groups from people who have been in extreme conditions.

ELECTRONIC NATIONAL CURRENCIES: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

2025-12-04T10:13:31+02:00

The article explores the essence of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC), analyzes their differences from fiat money, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. It examines projects for the introduction of CBDC in various countries (Great Britain, China, USA). Particular attention is paid to the projects for the introduction of CBDC in Ukraine (e-hryvnia).

In Ukraine, experiments with digital hryvnia are currently ongoing (for example, the government projects “National Cashback” and “Winter eSupport” during 2024-2025). Although there are no convincing reasons to claim that e-hryvnia technologies are used in these projects, it is worth emphasizing the potential of digital currency, because the projects can complement each other: “National Cashback” can be implemented using “E-hryvnia”, which will simplify the refund process and increase the transparency of transactions. For the successful implementation of both projects, a developed payment infrastructure (ATMs, POS terminals and mobile applications) is necessary, since e-hryvnia technology involves the use of electronic wallets, not payment cards. At the same time, projects should fundamentally be implemented on e-hryvnia technology, when the government determines the directions for using the accrued money. This programmability is the main difference between the electronic hryvnia and fiat. The projects "National Cashback" and "E-hryvnia" have great potential for the development of the financial sector of Ukraine and improving the well-being of citizens. However, for their successful implementation, it is necessary to solve a number of problems and coordinate with other economic policies. Therefore, there is a broad prospect for the introduction of a digital hryvnia, which will increase the convenience and security of using money, reduce transaction costs and the prerequisites for the production of counterfeit money and fraudulent actions. Of course, all of the above will become possible only thanks to the high level of cyber security of the updated monetary system of Ukraine.

UNCONSCIOUS DETERMINANTS OF CAREER CHOICE: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF HEREDITARY AND ARCHETYPAL FACTORS

2025-12-04T10:47:22+02:00

The article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at identifying unconscious factors that influence career choice, professional development, and self-realization of the individual within the framework of the depth-psychological approach. The problem of professional self-determination is considered as a complex, multi-level formation, in which conscious cognitive-evaluative processes, emotional-motivational tendencies, and deep unconscious determinants rooted in hereditary drives and archetypal structures interact. Career choice appears not only as the result of conscious rational planning or social influence, but also as a manifestation of internal psychic dynamics that determine an individual style of self-realization, value orientations, and life strategy. The analysis is based on an integrative understanding of the unconscious as a source of latent drives, affective tendencies, and symbolic forms of self-expression manifested in professional behavior. The use of a set of psychodiagnostic techniques – the Szondi Test, Luscher Color Test, Keirsey Typology Questionnaire, “Accent 2-90” method, and “Interest Map” – made it possible to combine qualitative and quantitative analysis and to identify systemic correlations between indicators of hereditary drives, emotional states, typological traits, and professional orientations. A distinctive feature of the research is the synthesis of classical depth-psychological concepts and modern psychodiagnostic approaches, which made it possible to reveal professional self-determination as a manifestation of the individual’s unconscious potential.

The results showed that unconscious drives, emotional attitudes, and archetypal structures form the deep motivational basis of professional identity. They determine the direction of personal development, the nature of a person’s interaction with the professional environment, and the awareness of the meaning of their own activity. It was established that the unconscious level of the psyche largely determines the attractiveness of particular fields of activity, while archetypal motives are reflected in the individual’s value orientations and professional scenarios.

The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying its findings in career counseling, psychodiagnostic practice, psychological support of professional formation, and self-awareness development programs. The obtained results can be used to optimize the processes of career choice, to promote internal consistency, and to deepen the understanding of one’s vocation.

SPEECH AND COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF A CHILD IN THE CONTEXT OF PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL PERSONALITY FORMATION

2025-12-04T10:54:39+02:00

The article highlights the relationship between the development of a child's emotional sphere and the formation of his speech and communicative competence. The relevance of the problem of integrating emotional experience into speech development is substantiated, which is due to the need for modern education in a holistic approach to the development of personality in early and preschool age.

The study presents the psychological and pedagogical principles of the influence of emotions on the processes of speech, communication and social adaptation. It is noted that speech is not only a means of communication, but also a tool for expressing emotions, internal state, interaction with the environment. At the same time, the emotional sphere of the child forms the basis for motivation for communication, affects the quality of speech expressions, the ability to social adaptation and build interpersonal relationships.

The concepts of speech and communicative competences are revealed in the context of their emotional content. The psychological and pedagogical conditions that contribute to the formation of a child's speech activity in combination with emotional expressiveness are highlighted, in particular: an emotionally safe educational environment, the use of interactive methods (fairy tale therapy, theatrical activities, role-playing games), a sensitive attitude of an adult to the child's emotional manifestations. The article emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to the development of speech, which involves not only the acquisition of language knowledge and the formation of skills, but also the development of emotional competence, empathy, and the ability to express oneself emotionally through speech. Such an approach allows for the harmonious formation of the personality, its successful socialization, and effective communicative interaction in various life situations.

EMOTION AND THE MIND: FROM EARLY PSYCHOLOGY TO EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

2025-12-04T11:00:08+02:00

This article explores early 20th-century intellectual developments that prepared the ground for what would later be known as emotional intelligence. Moving beyond the view that emotional intelligence appeared in isolation, the study traces its evolution through thinkers who redefined the relationship between emotion and cognition. The analysis highlights the shift from structuralist reductionism to holistic and affective models of mind in the works of E. Titchener, W. Wundt, S. Freud, and H. Maier. Contributions by C. Jung, H. Bergson, M. Scheler, and W. McDougall further illustrate how philosophical and psychological traditions converged in viewing emotion as a moral and cognitive force. The article argues that emotional intelligence reflects a long transformation in the human sciences – from analyzing emotion as mere reaction to recognizing it as the foundation of self-awareness, empathy, and adaptive reasoning.

THE 19th CENTURY AND THE EVOLUTION OF IDENTITY: FROM ROMANTIC INDIVIDUALISM TO SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS

2025-12-04T11:06:53+02:00

The 19^th century represents a pivotal moment in the evolution of identity, as the Enlightenment’s rational, universal self gave way to complex, relational, and socially embedded conceptions. This article traces the transformation of identity across philosophy, literature, sociology, and emerging psychology. Romantic thinkers such as Rousseau and Wordsworth emphasized emotional authenticity, while nationalist and industrial theorists including Herder, Mazzini, Durkheim, Weber, and Simmel highlighted collective, class-based, and structural dimensions of selfhood. Gender theorists Wollstonecraft and Mill argued for socially constructed identities, prefiguring feminist and queer thought. Existentialist and psychological innovations by Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, James, Cooley, and Freud further explored the performative, divided, and unconscious aspects of the self. By synthesizing these intellectual currents, the article demonstrates how 19^th-century debates laid the groundwork for modern social and psychological theories of identity, highlighting the interplay between individual agency and social structure.

PSYCHOLOGICAL PERCEPTION OF TIME BY PERSON IN SOCIETY AND IN BUSINESS STRUCTURES

2025-12-04T11:12:39+02:00

This article examines the problem of psychological time perception by individuals in the modern world. The focus is on the features of temporal orientation in crisis situations in the context of social communication, governance and business management. The characteristic feature of the perception of time by business people in difficult situations is observed: how time transforms from a passive backdrop of human existence into an active social factor influencing self-identity, social behavior to build a governance structure. Also, awareness of this condition affects the self-identification of the individual, his social behavior, and the effectiveness of management processes in business planning and organization of business structures. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of temporal perceptions under the influence of stress, uncertainty, and social changes. The study substantiates that subjective time perception serves as an important tool for understanding social dynamics, formation of effective management and business strategies. The article emphasizes the necessity of considering temporal aspects in public policy, especially during crises. Through source analysis, the article explores the neuropsychological, cognitive, and sociocultural mechanisms of time perception when forming business structures. It demonstrates that subjective time perception is a powerful instrument for analyzing social dynamics, predicting behavioral responses, and formulating effective management strategies in business structures. The concept of a «balanced time perspective» is highlighted as being linked to psychological well-being and adaptive capabilities.

It concludes that psychological time perception is not merely an indicator of individual traits but also a crucial tool for analyzing social dynamics and forecasting post-crisis scenarios. It is concluded that in modern social processes the time factor acts as one of the leading mechanisms for adapting to prolonged crises and restoring social unity.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF OVERCOMING LIFE CRISIS OF PERSON THROUGH TRANSFORMATIONAL GAMES AND METAPHORICAL ASSOCIATIVE CARDS

2025-12-04T11:17:37+02:00

The article presents a comprehensive study of the psychological mechanisms of overcoming a personal life crisis through modern interactive psychotechnologies – transformational games (TGs) and metaphoric associative cards (MACs). Based on a theoretical analysis, the paper generalizes the approaches of classical, humanistic, existential, art therapy, and resource-oriented psychology to the problem of life crises. Special attention is given to the role of interactive methods in working with crisis states. The mechanisms of action of MACs and transformational games are revealed as projective tools that integrate symbolic thinking, emotional experience, and active interaction within a safe therapeutic space. The synergistic effect of their combination is substantiated: MACs help to actualize inner images, while transformational games allow these images to be experienced through active participation, facilitating awareness of personal resources and the formation of new life strategies.

The empirical part presents a formative experiment conducted among 40 respondents, who were experiencing life changes. Standardized psychodiagnostic tools were used: the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, HADS, Spielberger–Khanin Anxiety Test, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the SAN well-being scale. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying MACs and TGs in psychological counseling, psychotherapy, emotional intelligence development programs, as well as in rehabilitation and crisis intervention centers. Practical recommendations are provided for integrating these methods into the work of psychologists, including client preparation algorithms, relaxation techniques, and maintaining an «insight diary».

The results confirm that metaphoric associative cards and transformational games are effective tools for psychological support, self-discovery, and personal transformation. They open new perspectives for the development of integrative psychotherapeutic approaches in modern Ukrainian psychology.

CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY OF THE DETERMINANT OF SOCIAL MIGRATION OF PERSONALITY

2025-12-04T11:22:21+02:00

In today’s globalized world, social migration is becoming an increasingly complex and multidimensional phenomenon that integrates economic, socio-political, psychological, and cultural dimensions. It reflects not only the physical movement of people but also their adaptation to new cultural environments and transformation of social identity. A cross-cultural approach enables a deeper understanding of how individuals make migration-related decisions, form adaptation strategies, and build intercultural communication patterns within host societies. In the Ukrainian context, this topic acquires special relevance due to war, political instability, and economic uncertainty, which force millions of people to migrate in search of safety and better living conditions. Ukrainian migrants face numerous challenges, including economic hardship, loss of social status, emotional distress, and cultural barriers that complicate integration into foreign communities. Successful adaptation largely depends on personal resilience, emotional stability, openness to new experiences, and the availability of social support. Cultural distance, linguistic competence, and the inclusiveness of the host society also significantly influence integration outcomes.

The aim of this study is to analyze the cross-cultural determinants of social migration by identifying the interplay of economic, socio-political, psychological, and cultural factors that shape migration behavior and adaptation strategies of individuals. The research emphasizes that understanding these interrelated determinants provides a foundation for developing effective social and psychological programs that facilitate integration and support migrants’ well-being in new cultural contexts.

PROBLEMS OF RESILIENCE OF MILITARY PERSONNEL IN COMBAT CONDITIONS

2025-12-04T11:27:51+02:00

The article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at a comprehensive examination of the problem of resilience among military personnel in conditions of military action, which made it possible both to theoretically substantiate its psychological parameters and to conduct a practical test of the effectiveness of a programme for developing this phenomenon. The results confirmed the hypothesis that a high level of resilience is determined by a harmonious combination of cognitive, emotional-volitional and behavioural characteristics, as well as the presence of external and internal psychological support resources that allow the effects of combat stress to be effectively overcome.

The study proved that combat conditions, in particular high levels of danger, unpredictability of situations and intense psycho-emotional stress, significantly affect the development and dynamics of resilience. At the same time, it was found that military personnel who have developed stress coping mechanisms and social support demonstrate higher levels of resilience and adaptability. The key factors that contribute to the formation and maintenance of resilience were investigated. These include both internal personal resources (motivation, self-regulation, resilience) and external resources such as support from comrades, effective organisation of service, and access to psychological assistance. It is the combination of these factors that creates an optimal environment for maintaining mental health and increasing the combat effectiveness of military personnel in difficult conditions.

The study has important theoretical and practical significance. It broadens our understanding of the phenomenon of resilience in military psychology, demonstrates the effectiveness of a comprehensive approach to its development, and proposes an effective mechanism for supporting the mental health of military personnel. In the context of prolonged military operations, such work is not only relevant but also strategically important for ensuring the combat readiness and resilience of personnel.