School Bullying in Ukraine
Keywords:
school bullying, bullying, violence, abuse of power, trauma, bullying prevention, bullying correction
Abstract
School bullying is a phenomenon that was once difficult to define and normalized to many; however, this view has changed in recent decades. School bullying is now understood to be the systematic and repetitive abuse of power by one or many individuals over another. It occurs in many forms, directly and indirectly, and involves a breadth of actions that cause serious harm to the victim. The issue of school bullying has spread across the globe to the extent that the United Nations has taken a stance on the matter in its End Violence Against Children initiative after a published report that 24% of Ukrainian children are facing harassment in schools. A review of the literature on school bullying is outlined, including the definition of bullying, prevalence, leading causes, and consequences. Ukraine school bullying prevalence and recommendations are discussed in light of global and national initiatives and actions. Finally, recommendations are offered in relation to what Ukrainian teachers, parents, and students need to know regarding how to prevent and alleviate the psychological, physiological, biological, and social symptoms that often result from school bullying.
References
1. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (2018, September 6). Almost quarter of children in Ukraine face bullying at school in 2017. Interfax: Ukraine General Newswire. Retrieved from http://eres.regent.edu:2048/login?url=https://search-proquest- com.ezproxy.regent.edu/docview/2100182610?accountid=13479
2. Gladden, R. M., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Hamburger, M. E., & Lumpkin, C. D. (2014). Bullying surveillance among youths: Uniform definitions for public health and recommended data elements (version 1). Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and U.S. Department of Education.
3. Fritz, G. K. (2017). Progress in the fight against bullying. The Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter, 33(8), 8. doi: 10.1002/cbl.30234
4. Espelage, D. L. (2016). Leveraging school-based research to inform bullying prevention and policy. American Psychologist, 71(8), 768-775. doi: 10.1037/amp0000095.
5. Hunter, S. C., Boyle, J. M. E., & Warden, D. (2007). Perceptions and correlates of peer-victimization and bullying. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 77(4), 797–810. doi:10.1348/ 000709906X171046.
6. Smith, P. K., & Sharp, S. (eds.) (1994). School bullying. Insights and perspectives. London, England: Routledge.
7. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (n.d.). Home. Stopbullying.com/ua. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying. com.ua/.
8. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (n.d.). About. Stopbullying.com/ua. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying. com.ua/about.
9. Hymel, S., & Swearer, S. M (2015). Four decades of research on school bullying. American Psychologist, 70(4), 293-299. doi: 10.1037/a0038928.
10. Smith, P. K. (2013). School bullying. Sociologia Problema E Practicas, 71, 81-98. doi: 10.7458/SPP2012702332.
11. Waasdorp, T. E., Pas, E. T., Zablotsky, B., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2017). Ten-year trends in bullying and related attitudes among 4th to 12th graders. Pediatrics, 139(6), 1-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-2615.
12. UnitedNationsChildren’sFund(UNICEF).(n.d.).Advice. Stopbullying.com.ua. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying. com.ua/adults/advices/
13. Goldbrunner, J. (1956). Individuation: A study of the depth psychology of Carl Gustav Jung [translated from the original German by Stanley Godman] (1st ed.). New York, NY: Pantheon.
14. Anderson, S. A., & Sabatelli, R. M. (2011). Family interaction: A multigenerational developmental perspective (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
15. U-Report.(2016,April5).General:Globalpollonbullying. Ureport.in. Retrieved from https://ureport.in/poll/575/.
16. Craig,W.,Y.,Harel-Fisch,H.,Fogel-Grinvald,S.,Dostaler, J., Hetland, B, Simons-Morton, B., Molcho, M., Gaspar de Mato, M., Overpeck, P., Due, W., Pickett, HBSC Violence & Injuries Prevention Focus Group, & HBSC Bullying Writing Group. (2009). A cross- national profile of bullying and victimization among adolescents in 40 countries. International Journal of Public Health, 54(S2), 216- 224. Doi: 10.1007/s00038-009-5413-9.
17. Inchley, J., Currie, D., Young, T., Oddrun, S., Torsheim, T., Augustson, L., Mathison, F., Aleman-Diaz, A., Molcho, M., Weber, M., & Barnekow, V., (2016). Growing up unequal: Gender and socioeconomic differences in young people’s health and well-being. Copenhagen: Denmark: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe.
18. United Nations Children’s Fund. (2017, July 13). Bullying in Ukraine: A major problem for children. UNICEF launches and anti- bullying campaign. UNICEF Ukraine. Retrieved from https:// www.unicef.org/ukraine/media_31250.html.
19. Chi En Kwan, G., & Skoric, M. M. (2012). Facebook bullying: An extension of battles in schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 16-25. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.014.
20. United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2017, September 8) Facts for kids about bullying. Stopbullying.gov. Retrieved from https://www.stopbullying.gov/kids/facts/index.html.
21. Espelage,D.L.,&Asidao,C.S.(2001).Conversationswith middle school students about bullying and victimization: Should we be concerned? Journal of Emotional Abuse, 2, 49 – 62. doi: 10.1300/ J135v02n02_04.
22. Bosworth, K., Espelage, D. L., & Simon, T. R. (1999). Factors associated with bullying behavior in middle school students. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 19, 341–362. doi:10.1177/ 0272431699019003003.
23. Espelage, D. L., Bosworth, K., & Simon, T. R. (2000). Examining the social context of bullying behaviors in early adolescence. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78, 326–333. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01914.x.
24. Espelage, D. L., Low, S., Rao, M. A., Hong, J. S., & Little, T. D. (2014). Family violence, bullying, fighting, and substance use among adolescents: A longitudinal mediational model. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 24, 337–349. doi: 10.1111/jora.12060.
25. Espelage,D.L.,Low,S.,&DeLaRue,L.(2012).Relations between peer victimization subtypes, family violence, and psychological outcomes during adolescence. Psychology of Violence, 2, 313–324. doi:10.1037/a0027386.
26. Drabick,D.A.G.,Beauchaine,T.P.,Gadow,K.D.,Carlson, G. A., & Bromet, E. J. (2006). Risk factors for conduct problems and depressive symptoms in a cohort of Ukrainian children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 35(2), 244–252. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp35028.
27. Webster-Stratton, C. (2012). Collaborating with parents to reduce children’s behavior problems: A book for therapists using the Incredible Years programs. Seattle, WA: Incredible Years.
28. Burlaka, V. (2016). Externalizing behaviors of Ukrainian children: The role of parenting. Child Abuse & Neglect, 54, 23-32. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.12.013.
29. Bolkun,T.A.(2010).Individualdifferencesoftheprocesses of identification and self-differentiation of adolescents from vulnerable families. Collected Scientific Works of the Khmelnytsky Institute of Social Technologies of the Ukraine University, 2, 61–65.
30. Chumak,L.,&Tkachenko.(2008).Theissueofwithin-the- family upbringing in the context of socialization of a personality. In V. I. Sipchenko (Ed.), Making educational process more human: Collected scientific works (Vol. XL) (pp. 266–269). Slovyansk: Slovyansk State Pedagogical University.
31. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (n.d.a). #ENDviolence. UNICEF. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/ end-violence.
32. Gerlinger,J.,&Wo,J.C.(2016).Preventingschoolbullying: Should schools prioritize an authoritative school discipline approach over security measures? Journal of School Violence, 15, 133-157. doi: 10.1080/15388220.2014.956321.
33. Kueny, M. T., & Zirkel, P. A. (2012). An analysis of anti- bullying laws in the United States. Middle School Journal, 43(4), 22-31. 34. Patalay,P.,Gondek,D.,Moltrecht,B.,Giese,L.,Curtin,G., Stankovic, M., & Savka, N. (2017). Mental health provision in schools: Approaches and interventions in 10 European countries.
Global Mental Health, 4(10), 1-12. doi: 10.1017/gmh.2017.6.
35. Harris,R.D.(2005).Unlockingthelearningpotentialinpeer mediation: An evaluation of peer mediator modeling and disputant learning. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 23(2), 141–164. doi:10.1002/
crq.130.
36. Burlaka, V., Graham-Bermann, S. A., and Delva, J. (2017).
Family factors and parenting in Ukraine. Child Abuse & Neglect, 72, 154-162. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.08.007.
37. United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2017, September 28) Engage parents & youth. Stopbullying.gov. Retrieved from https://www.stopbullying.gov/prevention/at-school/ engage-parents/index.html.
38. United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2017, September 28) Prevention at school. Stopbullying.gov. Retrieved from https://www.stopbullying.gov/prevention/at-school/ index.html.
39. United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2017, September 28) What kids can do. Stopbullying.gov. Retrieved from https://www.stopbullying.gov/kids/what-you-can-do/ index.html.
40. Carney,J.V.(2007).Perceptionsofbullyingandassociated trauma during adolescence. Professional School Counseling, 11(3), 179-188.
41. SubstanceAbuseandMentalHealthServicesAdministration (SAMHSA). (2018, July 9). Adverse childhood experiences. SAMHSA.gov. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/capt/ practicing-effective-prevention/prevention-behavioral-health/ adverse-childhood-experiences.
2. Gladden, R. M., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Hamburger, M. E., & Lumpkin, C. D. (2014). Bullying surveillance among youths: Uniform definitions for public health and recommended data elements (version 1). Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and U.S. Department of Education.
3. Fritz, G. K. (2017). Progress in the fight against bullying. The Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter, 33(8), 8. doi: 10.1002/cbl.30234
4. Espelage, D. L. (2016). Leveraging school-based research to inform bullying prevention and policy. American Psychologist, 71(8), 768-775. doi: 10.1037/amp0000095.
5. Hunter, S. C., Boyle, J. M. E., & Warden, D. (2007). Perceptions and correlates of peer-victimization and bullying. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 77(4), 797–810. doi:10.1348/ 000709906X171046.
6. Smith, P. K., & Sharp, S. (eds.) (1994). School bullying. Insights and perspectives. London, England: Routledge.
7. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (n.d.). Home. Stopbullying.com/ua. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying. com.ua/.
8. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (n.d.). About. Stopbullying.com/ua. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying. com.ua/about.
9. Hymel, S., & Swearer, S. M (2015). Four decades of research on school bullying. American Psychologist, 70(4), 293-299. doi: 10.1037/a0038928.
10. Smith, P. K. (2013). School bullying. Sociologia Problema E Practicas, 71, 81-98. doi: 10.7458/SPP2012702332.
11. Waasdorp, T. E., Pas, E. T., Zablotsky, B., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2017). Ten-year trends in bullying and related attitudes among 4th to 12th graders. Pediatrics, 139(6), 1-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-2615.
12. UnitedNationsChildren’sFund(UNICEF).(n.d.).Advice. Stopbullying.com.ua. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying. com.ua/adults/advices/
13. Goldbrunner, J. (1956). Individuation: A study of the depth psychology of Carl Gustav Jung [translated from the original German by Stanley Godman] (1st ed.). New York, NY: Pantheon.
14. Anderson, S. A., & Sabatelli, R. M. (2011). Family interaction: A multigenerational developmental perspective (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
15. U-Report.(2016,April5).General:Globalpollonbullying. Ureport.in. Retrieved from https://ureport.in/poll/575/.
16. Craig,W.,Y.,Harel-Fisch,H.,Fogel-Grinvald,S.,Dostaler, J., Hetland, B, Simons-Morton, B., Molcho, M., Gaspar de Mato, M., Overpeck, P., Due, W., Pickett, HBSC Violence & Injuries Prevention Focus Group, & HBSC Bullying Writing Group. (2009). A cross- national profile of bullying and victimization among adolescents in 40 countries. International Journal of Public Health, 54(S2), 216- 224. Doi: 10.1007/s00038-009-5413-9.
17. Inchley, J., Currie, D., Young, T., Oddrun, S., Torsheim, T., Augustson, L., Mathison, F., Aleman-Diaz, A., Molcho, M., Weber, M., & Barnekow, V., (2016). Growing up unequal: Gender and socioeconomic differences in young people’s health and well-being. Copenhagen: Denmark: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe.
18. United Nations Children’s Fund. (2017, July 13). Bullying in Ukraine: A major problem for children. UNICEF launches and anti- bullying campaign. UNICEF Ukraine. Retrieved from https:// www.unicef.org/ukraine/media_31250.html.
19. Chi En Kwan, G., & Skoric, M. M. (2012). Facebook bullying: An extension of battles in schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 16-25. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.014.
20. United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2017, September 8) Facts for kids about bullying. Stopbullying.gov. Retrieved from https://www.stopbullying.gov/kids/facts/index.html.
21. Espelage,D.L.,&Asidao,C.S.(2001).Conversationswith middle school students about bullying and victimization: Should we be concerned? Journal of Emotional Abuse, 2, 49 – 62. doi: 10.1300/ J135v02n02_04.
22. Bosworth, K., Espelage, D. L., & Simon, T. R. (1999). Factors associated with bullying behavior in middle school students. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 19, 341–362. doi:10.1177/ 0272431699019003003.
23. Espelage, D. L., Bosworth, K., & Simon, T. R. (2000). Examining the social context of bullying behaviors in early adolescence. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78, 326–333. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01914.x.
24. Espelage, D. L., Low, S., Rao, M. A., Hong, J. S., & Little, T. D. (2014). Family violence, bullying, fighting, and substance use among adolescents: A longitudinal mediational model. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 24, 337–349. doi: 10.1111/jora.12060.
25. Espelage,D.L.,Low,S.,&DeLaRue,L.(2012).Relations between peer victimization subtypes, family violence, and psychological outcomes during adolescence. Psychology of Violence, 2, 313–324. doi:10.1037/a0027386.
26. Drabick,D.A.G.,Beauchaine,T.P.,Gadow,K.D.,Carlson, G. A., & Bromet, E. J. (2006). Risk factors for conduct problems and depressive symptoms in a cohort of Ukrainian children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 35(2), 244–252. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp35028.
27. Webster-Stratton, C. (2012). Collaborating with parents to reduce children’s behavior problems: A book for therapists using the Incredible Years programs. Seattle, WA: Incredible Years.
28. Burlaka, V. (2016). Externalizing behaviors of Ukrainian children: The role of parenting. Child Abuse & Neglect, 54, 23-32. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.12.013.
29. Bolkun,T.A.(2010).Individualdifferencesoftheprocesses of identification and self-differentiation of adolescents from vulnerable families. Collected Scientific Works of the Khmelnytsky Institute of Social Technologies of the Ukraine University, 2, 61–65.
30. Chumak,L.,&Tkachenko.(2008).Theissueofwithin-the- family upbringing in the context of socialization of a personality. In V. I. Sipchenko (Ed.), Making educational process more human: Collected scientific works (Vol. XL) (pp. 266–269). Slovyansk: Slovyansk State Pedagogical University.
31. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (n.d.a). #ENDviolence. UNICEF. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/ end-violence.
32. Gerlinger,J.,&Wo,J.C.(2016).Preventingschoolbullying: Should schools prioritize an authoritative school discipline approach over security measures? Journal of School Violence, 15, 133-157. doi: 10.1080/15388220.2014.956321.
33. Kueny, M. T., & Zirkel, P. A. (2012). An analysis of anti- bullying laws in the United States. Middle School Journal, 43(4), 22-31. 34. Patalay,P.,Gondek,D.,Moltrecht,B.,Giese,L.,Curtin,G., Stankovic, M., & Savka, N. (2017). Mental health provision in schools: Approaches and interventions in 10 European countries.
Global Mental Health, 4(10), 1-12. doi: 10.1017/gmh.2017.6.
35. Harris,R.D.(2005).Unlockingthelearningpotentialinpeer mediation: An evaluation of peer mediator modeling and disputant learning. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 23(2), 141–164. doi:10.1002/
crq.130.
36. Burlaka, V., Graham-Bermann, S. A., and Delva, J. (2017).
Family factors and parenting in Ukraine. Child Abuse & Neglect, 72, 154-162. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.08.007.
37. United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2017, September 28) Engage parents & youth. Stopbullying.gov. Retrieved from https://www.stopbullying.gov/prevention/at-school/ engage-parents/index.html.
38. United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2017, September 28) Prevention at school. Stopbullying.gov. Retrieved from https://www.stopbullying.gov/prevention/at-school/ index.html.
39. United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2017, September 28) What kids can do. Stopbullying.gov. Retrieved from https://www.stopbullying.gov/kids/what-you-can-do/ index.html.
40. Carney,J.V.(2007).Perceptionsofbullyingandassociated trauma during adolescence. Professional School Counseling, 11(3), 179-188.
41. SubstanceAbuseandMentalHealthServicesAdministration (SAMHSA). (2018, July 9). Adverse childhood experiences. SAMHSA.gov. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/capt/ practicing-effective-prevention/prevention-behavioral-health/ adverse-childhood-experiences.
Published
2019-03-28
How to Cite
FerlicK., & ZaporozhetsO. (2019). School Bullying in Ukraine. Herald of Kyiv Institute of Business and Technology, 39(1), 93-101. https://doi.org/10.37203/kibit.2019.39.18
Section
Статьи
