Властивості сучасних парафіян
Ключові слова:
релігія, релігійність, рівень релігійності, механізми психологічного захисту.
Анотація
У статті розглядається проблема впливу релігії на особистість. Оскільки релігія є не тільки культурним та соціальним феноменом, її участь в особистому житті людини є безумовним чинником формування особистості людини, навіть якщо та не відноситься ні до якої релігійної спільноти. І вплив релігії прослідковується не лише на світоглядному рівні, але й на індивідуально-психологічному. І перш за все, це виявляється через виникнення такої риси особистості, як релігійність, яка, в свою чергу, стає підґрунтям для формування інших особистісних рис. В нашому дослідженні ми зосередилися на виявленні тих рис особистості, розвиток яких був спричинений належністю людини до релігійної спільноти. Задля цього ми сформували дві вибірки: експериментальна складалася з людей, в яких був діагностований високий рівень релігійності, і які є дійсними членами церковної громади, в контрольну вибірку ввійшли досліджувані із низьким рівнем релігійності. Для визначення рівня релігійності ми використовували авторський опитувальник оцінки релігійності. Для виявлення відмінностей в особистісних рисах між парафіянами та атеїстами нами були застосовані тест «Діагностика акцентуацій характеру» Г. Шмішека, тест «Рівень суб’єктивного контролю» Дж. Роттера та опитувальник «Індекс життєвого стилю» Р. Плутчика, Х. Келлермана й Х. Р. Конте. Дослідження проводилося онлайн із використанням гугл-форм. На основі отриманих даних ми визначили статистичні відмінності між парафіянами та атеїстами за всіма використаними тестами, встановили психологічні портрети усереднених показників по кожній вибірці, а також, як головний висновок, виявили, що релігійні особистості мають відмінні індивідуально-психологічні властивості не стільки характерологічного плану, скільки у сфері механізмів психологічного захисту.
Посилання
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Berdyaev N.A. (1952). Existential dialectic of the divine and the human. Paris: YMCA-PRESS. 246 p. (In Russian)
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James W. (1993). The Varieties of Religious Experience. Moscow: Nauka. 431 p. (In Russian)
Nasledov A.D. (2005). SPSS: Computer Analysis of Data in Psychology and Social Sciences. St. Petersburg: Piter. 416 p. (In Russian)
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Feuerbach L. (1955). Selected philosophical works. Moscow. V. 2. P. 320. (In Russian)
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Holina O.A., Kazanceva E.V., Mishchenko V.I. (2021). Fundamentals of psychological competence in the professional activity of an investigator. Moscow: Yuright. 204 p. (In Russian)
Chumakov M.V. (2018). Conflict and religious identity: an empirical analysis. Psychology. Psychophysiology. 11 (3), 123-126. https://doi.org/10.14529/psy180315 (In Russian)
Chumakov M.V. (2019). The religiosity of the individual in the context of developmental psychology. Pedagogical education in Russia. (5), 103-107. https://doi.org/10.26170/po19-05-15 (In Russian)
Yablokov I.N. (1979). Sociology of religion. Moscow. P.67-98. (In Russian)
Yablokov I.N. (2018). Karl Marx about religion. Bulletin of Moscow University. Serie 7. Philosophy. (5), 108-120. (In Russian)
Allès D. (2021). Religion and international security: From confessionalization to securitization. In Handbook on Religion and International Relations. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839100246.00013
Andersen B.P. (2020). Ethnic group differences in the general factor of personality (GFP) are opposite to that which would be predicted by differential-K theory. Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109567
Basedau M., Pfeiffer B., Vullers J. (2016). Bad religion? Religion, collective action, and the onset of armed conflict in developing countries. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 60, 226-255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002714541853
Clarke S. (2017). Competing fundamentalisms: violent extremism in Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. 246 p.
Cooper C. (2019). Pitfalls of personality theory. Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109551
Counted V. (2017). Attachment theory and religious violence: theorizing adult religious psychopathology. Journal for the Study of Religion. vol.30 n.1 Pretoria. https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3027/2017/v30n1a4
De Graaf B.A., Van den Bos K. (2021). Religious radicalization: social appraisals and finding radical redemption in extreme beliefs. Current Opinion in Psychology. Volume 40. P. 56-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.08.028
Granqvist P., Mikulincer M., Shaver P. R. (2010). Religion as attachment: normative processes and individual differences. Personality and Social Psychology Review. 14 (1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868309348618
Heyden K., Mona M. (2021). Coping with religious conflicts. Z Religion Ges Polit. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41682-021-00064-2
Hogan R., Sherman R.A. (2020). Personality theory and the nature of human nature. Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109561
Jayawickreme E., Zachry C. E., Fleeson W. (2019). Whole Trait Theory: An integrative approach to examining personality structure and process. Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 136. P. 2-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.06.045
Karabin G. (2018). Gabriel Marcel and American Philosophy: The Religious Dimension of Experience. By David Rodick. American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly. 92(4), 721-724. https://doi.org/10.5840/acpq2018924165
Koopmans R. (2015). Religious fundamentalism and hostility against out-groups: a comparison of Muslims and Christians in Western Europe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 41, 33-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2014.935307
Lacorne D. (2019). The Limits of Tolerance: Enlightenment Values and Religious Fanaticism. Religion, Culture, and Public Life. New York: Columbia University Press. 296 p.
Matthews G. (2020). Against consensus: Embracing the disunity of personality theory. Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109535
Mõttus R. (2017). Five-Factor Theory and personality development. Personality Development Across the Lifespan. Academic Press. P. 87-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804674-6.00007-7
Pattison G. (2020). Berdyaev and Christian Existentialism. In The Oxford Handbook of Russian Religious Thought. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198796442.013.27
Robinson M.D., Klein R.J., Persich M.R. (2019). Personality traits in action: a cognitive behavioral version of the social cognitive paradigm. Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 147. P. 214-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.04.041
Saroglou V. (2015). Personality and Religion. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition). P. 801-808. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.25080-0
Wibisono S., Louis W. R., & Jetten J. (2019). A multidimensional analysis of religious extremism. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 2560. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02560
Altunina I.R. (2020). Problems of motivation in foreign theories of personality. RGGU Bulletin. Series “Psychology. Pedagogy. Education». (4), 12-28. https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-6398-2020-4-12-28 (In Russian)
Bazhin E.F., Golynkina E.A., Etkind A.M. (1984). Methods for researching the level of subjective control. Psychological journal. V.5. №3. P.152-162. (In Russian)
Berdyaev N.A. (1952). Existential dialectic of the divine and the human. Paris: YMCA-PRESS. 246 p. (In Russian)
Biletskyi V.V. (2012). Religious studies: educational manual. Donetsk: East Publishing House. 220 p. (In Ukrainian)
Vasserman L.I., Yeryshev O.F., Klubova Ye.B. (2005). Psychological diagnostics of the life style index. St. Petersburg: Publ. house of NIPNI named after V.M. Bekhterev. 50 p. (In Russian)
Vyhovskyi L.A. (2005). Religion as a socially functioning phenomenon: Dr. Sc. thesis in Philosophy: 09.00.11. Institute of Philosophy named after G.S.Skovoroda of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kyiv. 33 p. (In Ukrainian)
James W. (1993). The Varieties of Religious Experience. Moscow: Nauka. 431 p. (In Russian)
Nasledov A.D. (2005). SPSS: Computer Analysis of Data in Psychology and Social Sciences. St. Petersburg: Piter. 416 p. (In Russian)
Popenkova D.I. (2019). The problem of ethnic and religious conflicts in modern Russia. Bulletin of Science and Practice. 5 (10), 274-279. https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/47/31 (In Russian)
Romanova E.S., Grebennikov L.R. (1996). Psychological defence mechanisms: genesis, functioning, diagnostics. Mytishchi: Talant. 144 p. (In Russian)
Trebin M.P. (2018). Religious extremism: understanding the essence. Bulletin of Yaroslav Mudryi NLU: Series: Philosophy, philosophy of law, political science, sociology. 2(37), 140-150. https://doi.org/10.21564/2075-7190.37.133559 (In Ukrainian)
Ugrinovich D.M. (1986). Psychology of religion. Moscow: Politizdat. 352 p. (In Russian)
Feuerbach L. (1955). Selected philosophical works. Moscow. V. 2. P. 320. (In Russian)
Fetiskin N.P., Kozlov V.V., Manuilov H.M. (2005). Socio-psychological diagnosis of personality development and small groups. Moscow: Institute of Psychotherapy Publishing House. 490 p. (In Russian)
Holina O.A., Kazanceva E.V., Mishchenko V.I. (2021). Fundamentals of psychological competence in the professional activity of an investigator. Moscow: Yuright. 204 p. (In Russian)
Chumakov M.V. (2018). Conflict and religious identity: an empirical analysis. Psychology. Psychophysiology. 11 (3), 123-126. https://doi.org/10.14529/psy180315 (In Russian)
Chumakov M.V. (2019). The religiosity of the individual in the context of developmental psychology. Pedagogical education in Russia. (5), 103-107. https://doi.org/10.26170/po19-05-15 (In Russian)
Yablokov I.N. (1979). Sociology of religion. Moscow. P.67-98. (In Russian)
Yablokov I.N. (2018). Karl Marx about religion. Bulletin of Moscow University. Serie 7. Philosophy. (5), 108-120. (In Russian)
Allès D. (2021). Religion and international security: From confessionalization to securitization. In Handbook on Religion and International Relations. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839100246.00013
Andersen B.P. (2020). Ethnic group differences in the general factor of personality (GFP) are opposite to that which would be predicted by differential-K theory. Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109567
Basedau M., Pfeiffer B., Vullers J. (2016). Bad religion? Religion, collective action, and the onset of armed conflict in developing countries. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 60, 226-255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002714541853
Clarke S. (2017). Competing fundamentalisms: violent extremism in Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. 246 p.
Cooper C. (2019). Pitfalls of personality theory. Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109551
Counted V. (2017). Attachment theory and religious violence: theorizing adult religious psychopathology. Journal for the Study of Religion. vol.30 n.1 Pretoria. https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3027/2017/v30n1a4
De Graaf B.A., Van den Bos K. (2021). Religious radicalization: social appraisals and finding radical redemption in extreme beliefs. Current Opinion in Psychology. Volume 40. P. 56-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.08.028
Granqvist P., Mikulincer M., Shaver P. R. (2010). Religion as attachment: normative processes and individual differences. Personality and Social Psychology Review. 14 (1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868309348618
Heyden K., Mona M. (2021). Coping with religious conflicts. Z Religion Ges Polit. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41682-021-00064-2
Hogan R., Sherman R.A. (2020). Personality theory and the nature of human nature. Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109561
Jayawickreme E., Zachry C. E., Fleeson W. (2019). Whole Trait Theory: An integrative approach to examining personality structure and process. Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 136. P. 2-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.06.045
Karabin G. (2018). Gabriel Marcel and American Philosophy: The Religious Dimension of Experience. By David Rodick. American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly. 92(4), 721-724. https://doi.org/10.5840/acpq2018924165
Koopmans R. (2015). Religious fundamentalism and hostility against out-groups: a comparison of Muslims and Christians in Western Europe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 41, 33-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2014.935307
Lacorne D. (2019). The Limits of Tolerance: Enlightenment Values and Religious Fanaticism. Religion, Culture, and Public Life. New York: Columbia University Press. 296 p.
Matthews G. (2020). Against consensus: Embracing the disunity of personality theory. Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109535
Mõttus R. (2017). Five-Factor Theory and personality development. Personality Development Across the Lifespan. Academic Press. P. 87-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804674-6.00007-7
Pattison G. (2020). Berdyaev and Christian Existentialism. In The Oxford Handbook of Russian Religious Thought. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198796442.013.27
Robinson M.D., Klein R.J., Persich M.R. (2019). Personality traits in action: a cognitive behavioral version of the social cognitive paradigm. Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 147. P. 214-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.04.041
Saroglou V. (2015). Personality and Religion. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition). P. 801-808. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.25080-0
Wibisono S., Louis W. R., & Jetten J. (2019). A multidimensional analysis of religious extremism. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 2560. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02560
Опубліковано
2021-01-08
Як цитувати
Ivanchuk, A., & Lanovenko, Y. (2021). Властивості сучасних парафіян. Вісник Київського інституту бізнесу та технологій, 46(4), 30-39. https://doi.org/10.37203/kibit.2020.46.04
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